IIT-Kharagpur researchers develop ultra-low-cost portable first-of-its-kind device for Covid-19 rapid test
The
entire rapid test can be conducted in an ultra-low-cost portable device with
the test results available in a customized smartphone application for
dissemination within 1 hour without requiring manual interpretation. All of
this at a cost of around INR 400/- per test.
Biswabrata
Goswami
Hummingbird
News
KHARAGPUR,
25 JULY: In a unique effort, researchers at IIT Kharagpur have innovated a
novel portable rapid diagnostic device to detect COVID-19 infection. This
first-of-its-kind device will bring the testing for COVID-19 out from the walls
of expensive laboratories and RT-PCR machines and enable testing at affordable
costs for the under-served community across the world.
This
entire test with the extracted RNA from the patient saliva samples can be
conducted in an ultra-low-cost portable enclosure as an alternative to specialized
laboratory equipment. The same portable unit can be used for a large number of
tests, on mere replacement of the paper cartridge after each test. The device
has been proven to produce no false result with remarkable accuracy and
sensitivity compatible to standard RT-PCR tests.
This
test has an unprecedented low cost of less than Rs 400/- per test, taking all
components of expenses and business model into account.
Considering
the impending outbreak of COVID-19 infection at progressively more geographical
locations with the anticipated increment in number of affected personnel at a
dramatic rate, there is an emergent need to run large numbers of reliable
diagnostic tests at affordable cost and minimal infrastructural support, for
monitoring the early stages of progression of the disease when many of the
infected persons do not exhibit discernible symptoms of infection.
A
team of researchers from IIT Kharagpur, contemplating on the challenge,
realized the alternative cannot be new innovations for the existing detection
systems such as testing kits and PCR machines but a disruptive approach leading
to a new technology and testing process being innovated without sacrificing the
scientific rigor and medically acceptable high standards of the test results.
The
research team has successfully validated the detection procedure, taking time
of approximately 60 minutes to run each test.
This obviates the need of an
expensive PCR machine, by means of a set of innovations such as a portable
automated pre-programmable temperature control unit for the genomic analysis,
coupled with a specially functionalized detection unit on a simple strip of
paper, and a customized smartphone application for dissemination of test
results without requiring manual interpretation. While the Institute can
produce the testing kit up to a certain scale, patent licensing will facilitate
commercialization opportunities for medical technology companies.
Under
the guidance of the Professors, the device design and fabrication work has been
spearheaded by doctoral student Mr. Sujay Kumar Biswas, and the bio-analytical
protocol has been standardized by doctoral students Mr. Saptarshi Banerjee and Ms. Nandita
Kedia. Dr. Aditya Bandopahyay has further helped in developing the thermal
unit.
Highlighting
the need for such equipment, Prof. Suman Chakraborty, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, said, “In assessing the utility of a specific
method of disease detection, there is a common failure to recognize that the
cost of the test kit may not turn out to be the most critical factor from the
viewpoint of affordable diagnosis, unlike what is being commonly portrayed.
Rather, the greater challenge is complete elimination of the need for any
specialized infrastructure and ensuring the possibility of conducting tests at
large scale at low cost without compromised accuracy. In that light, the RT-PCR
based tests suffer from a compelling constraint of requiring an elaborate
laboratory-infrastructure and support system including the operational and
maintenance cost, to perform the test. The alternative existing approaches to
these tests, on the other hand, are either invasive (blood tests) and
non-indicative of early stage of development of the infection, or dependent on
reagents that are extremely unstable and cannot be implemented in
resource-limited settings.”
The
Equipment developed by IIT Kharagpur Researchers will cost about ₹ 2,000 if a pilot facility is used. Use of a large-scale
commercial facility will further reduce with increase in the production scale.
This compares very favourably with the RT PCR machine costing ₹ 15 Lakh.
Further,
Dr. Arindam Mondal, Assistant Professor, School of Bio Science, IIT Kharagpur,
added, “The unique portable device developed by the IIT Kharagpur researchers
has not only been validated for the diagnostics of COVID-19, but also been
designed to be capable of detecting any other kind of RNA virus by following
the same generic procedure. The impact of this, therefore, is long lasting,
empowered by the capability of detecting unforeseen viral pandemics in the
coming years that may potentially endanger human lives time and again.”
The
project received financial support from the Institute in late April as Prof. V
K Tewari, Director, IIT Kharagpur, decided to set up a fund to support COVID-19
related research and product development.
“This
unique innovation is aligned with the Institutional vision to develop high-end
healthcare technologies that can be afforded by the ailing common people all
around the globe at virtually no cost, and is likely to make significant
breakthrough in global viral pandemic management”, opined Director Prof. V K
Tewari.
The
Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India has also been reaching
out to all technical institutions regarding ongoing research work to help
address India's increasing need to augment testing facilities.
The
results from this new technology have been strictly validated by following all
established laboratory controls against the benchmarked results obtained from
RT-PCR machine, using synthetic viral RNA. The synthetic RNA is exactly the
same replicate of the viral RNA extracted from infected patients, as per
accepted scientific benchmarking procedure, and is used for validating
laboratory tests to avoid undue contamination and danger due to spreading of
infection while handling sensitive body-fluid samples.
IIT
Kharagpur is ready for commercialization of the product. Any corporate or
start-up can approach the Institute for technology licensing and commercial
scale of production. The Institute is open to tie-ups, including a mode where
the government intervenes with regards to meeting our low-cost healthcare
objective for the under-served community as a policy measure to protect the
interest of public health amidst the pandemic situation, instead of merely
developing a strong profit-oriented model.